Terrorism and Intelligence Failures Essay Example for Free

Psychological warfare and Intelligence Failures Essay Psychological warfare by word reference definition is portrayed as the unlawful use or compromised utilization of power or savagery by an individual or a composed gathering against individuals or property with the goal of scaring or forcing social orders or governments, regularly for ideological or political reasons. Psychological warfare originates from many years of narratives of profound national pride, strict debates and what is viewed as an interruption upon Islamic sacred places. Psychological militant gatherings attempt to pick up impact and force so as to influence political change on either a nearby or a global level. They make this conceivable through the exposure and dread that is created by their rough demonstrations. Since forever psychological militant gatherings have caused a lot of demolition and harm, leaving a tremendous effect on the world. Psychological oppression is one of the main issues in today’s society. The psychological oppressor assault against the United States, on September eleventh, 2011, obviously exhibited the force and quality that fear monger bunches have. The reasons for these demonstrations originate from the unsteadiness, mistreatment, destitution and political distance that the residents of numerous Islamic-Arab countries face. Therefore, the individuals of Afghanistan and numerous other Arab countries have created a profound scorn for the United States returning over a hundred years. The American government and knowledge offices, for example, the Central Intelligence Agency, presently work more diligently than any time in recent memory to keep such sickening demonstrations of fear based oppression from re happening, since they flopped in the counteraction of 9/11. â€Å"Terrorism is a perplexing issue: Its starting points are differing; and the individuals who participate in it, considerably more so† (Reich, 1). The activities of psychological militant gatherings, just as fear based oppressors as people, are mind boggling. One must perceive that there isn't just a solitary clarification for the demonstration of psychologica l warfare. The subject is complicated and includes an enormous assorted variety of causes and reasons that guide in the clarification and comprehension of psychological warfare. In the book, Origins of Terrorism, Walter Reich looks at the brain sciences, philosophies, religious philosophies, and the perspectives of fear based oppressors trying to all the more likely comprehend the domains of psychological warfare. Reich doesn't just work with fear based oppression contemplates itself however rather works inside the domains of political theory, Islam, history and social brain science to increase an all the more balanced comprehension of psychological warfare. Through perceiving the information on these domains, Reich and different scholar’s express this data can add to the comprehension of the manners by which psychological oppressors see the world and act in it. Fear mongering can be clarified as a statement of political methodology. Implying that psychological oppressor conduct is a wil ling decision made by an association for explicit key reasons. These associations are radical political gatherings that establish that psychological oppression is the best strategy in achieving their political objectives. â€Å"The experts of fear based oppression regularly guarantee that they had no way out however psychological oppression, and it is in fact obvious that psychological oppression frequently follows the disappointment of other methods† (Reich, 10). Inability to assemble support from masses, lacking of usage of military force, time imperatives and ridiculous desires cause radical political associations to go to psychological oppression. By picking psychological oppression, bunch individuals and pioneers, energetically acknowledge the dangers of testing the legislature. The beginning of psychological oppression is as old as humans’ ability to influence legislative issues using rough acts. Psychological warfare goes back to first-century Palestine when a Jewish gathering battled and killed the Romans and their partners who managed over them. Psychological warfare proceeded to be delegated a cutting edge marvel. In the twentieth century fear based oppression was related with the Italian Red Brigades, the Irish Republican armed force, the Palestine Liberation Organization and Perv’s sparkling ways among numerous others. Fear mongering moved away from being founded on state activity and moved further into a bigger part of assault against existing political requests. The consequence of this was because of the developing measure of ethnic patriotism inside nations. Gatherings with solid ethnic patriotism were framing all through the whole world. At that point in the late 1960’s global psychological oppression turned into a noticeable issue. Fear mongering advanced from irregular killings to monstrous plans of assaults. Commandeering and besieging had become the supported and well known techniques for assault. Composed gatherings had explicit political objectives that they brought out through dramatic, emblematic demonstrations of brutality. As the twenty-first century came around p sychological oppression began getting strictly roused. Gatherings like Al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbollah ring a bell as they legitimize their demonstrations of viciousness on Islamic grounds. Fear mongering was currently not exclusively being utilized for political reasons yet for strict reasons also. Strictly roused fear based oppressor bunches are the most disturbing psychological militant dangers in today’s world. The ascent of Islamic radicalism and militancy started during the 1970’s in the Middle East locale of the world. Islamist psychological warfare depends on the conviction that U.S. international strategy has executed, abused and hurt Muslims all through the Middle East. This conviction brought about a strained connection between the ‘West’ and the Arab and Muslim countries, making an extraordinary among American culture. Osama receptacle Laden was the author of the most notable Islamic activist associations called Al-Qaeda. His objective was to expel and end American military nearness in the Middle East and Arabian Peninsula, end American help for Israel, return East Timor and Kashmir to Muslim standard and oust any Arab systems that he thought about degenerate and inadequately strict. Al-Qaeda is the most creative and hazardous psychological oppressor bunch that has ever existed agreeing the American government and every single other nation that have been survivors of fear based oppressor acts. It has been known to take part in self destruction assaults, kidnappings, hijackings and enlisting new individuals through the Internet. Al-Qaeda’s working system comprises of a global, stateless armed force, and an extreme Sunni Muslim development calling for Jihad. Jihad is a significant strict obligation of Muslims that includes the insurance and keeping of the Islamic confidence. In the book, The Age of Sacred Terror, writers Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon gives fundamental knowledge into the considering container Laden and his supporters. Benjamin and Simon discusses canister Laden’s first broadcast meet with Peter Arnett in March 1997. During his meeting he grumbled and expressed, â€Å"the truth is that the entire Muslim world is the survivor of glob al fear mongering, built by America at the United Nations. We are a country whose consecrated images have been plundered and whose riches and assets have been plundered.† Receptacle Laden kept on expressing, â€Å"If their kin don't wish to be hurt inside their own one of a kind nations, they should try to choose governments that are genuinely illustrative of them and that can secure their interests† (Benjamin, 147). Container Laden gave the individuals of America a reasonable admonition that he is arranging an assault and a war against them. Osama receptacle Laden gave and marked his second fatwa on February 23, 1998, as the pioneer of Al-Qaeda. A fatwa is a lawful proclamation in Islam, gave by a strict law authority on a particular issue. Through the issue of canister Laden’s fatwa, he gave the USA an arraignment on the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Middle East. He reprimands America for involving grounds of Islam and interceding in Middle Eastern undertakings. Canister Laden’s objective was to dispose of any Americans impeding his extreme Sunni development. By giving his subsequent fatwa, container Laden pronounced was on th e West and Israel. Al-Qaeda likewise discharged a video soon thereafter pronouncing war on the United States and the West too. After container Laden had pronounced war, bombings were completed on US government offices in Kenya and Tanzania. There was likewise an endeavored bombarding of Los Angeles International Airport and afterward the USS Cole besieging happened in October 2000. On September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda assaulted the United States indeed. This assault squashed American philosophies, yet in addition removed the sentiments of security that had taken several years to manufacture. To design and effectively execute the September eleventh assaults, Al-Qaeda psychological militants worked for quite a long time inside the United States utilizing Islamic associations to arrange and construct their systems. In the book, American Jihad, Steven Emerson recounts to the account of the fear mongers who tried to decimate the United States from within. Emerson states, â€Å"Operating in our open society, wit h the right to speak freely of discourse and gathering and with just easygoing oversight from the FBI, the CIA, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the overall system of aggressor Islamic associations has at last had the option to coordinate† (Emerson, 3). The possibility that fear based oppressors were working inside the United States appeared to be inconceivable, yet the assaults of 9/11 demonstrated that it was conceivable. Canister Laden sorted out and set up a system of â€Å"cells† in Tucson, Arizona; Brooklyn, New York; Orlando, Florida; Dallas, Texas; Santa Clara, California; Columbia, Missouri; and Herndon, Virginia. He got that in the event that he enlisted U.S. residents it would help him in his fear based oppressor endeavors since they would be permitted to travel unreservedly all through the world. By having an American visa his devotees would not be identified or addressed whether they were a piece of or individuals from a fear monger gathering. Canister Laden â€Å"made endeavors to select United States citizens†¦ so as to use the American residents for movement all through the Western world to convey messages and take part in budgetary exchanges to serve Al-Qaeda and its subsidiary gatherings and to help do operations† (Emerson, 153). Container Lade

Impact of Poverty on Personality Development

Effect of Poverty on Personality Development Does Poverty influence character advancement from youth into youthfulness? Eric Fromm said that Mans principle task in life is to bring forth himself, to become what he possibly is. The most significant result of his exertion is his own character (Fromm, 1947, p.237).Fromm accepts that a people reason in life to will be to come completely into themselves so they might have the option to surpass their own desires. Completely coming into oneself originates from developing into ones character. Character is the blend of practices, feelings and thought designs that characterize an individual or make up their character. Throughout our lives we experience numerous changes. Changes that makes us stand taller or our voices become further. Changes that occur within and outwardly. Over the span of our lives our practices change and form into propensities that shape our very characters that can lead us into progress or end up being an apparently perpetual snag on the way to progress. These practices either change for the positive or negative continue into our more seasoned a very long time as our characters change. Our characters direct who we associate with and coexist with, they are integral to the manner in which we experience and experience through the world in various encounters. There is no particular character that guarantees accomplishment for anybody however imagine a scenario in which nature impacts or encourages a specific kind of character. Will somebody genuinely be a result of their childhood and condition? For this situation, we will see destitution as a sort of condition in which people live and develop inside. Neediness is a long-standing foul play and social issue that limits explicit assets and open doors for the individuals who are influenced by it (Utsey Constantine, 2008). Across numerous investigations there are many differing meanings of neediness. In any case, how does destitution precisely influence character advancement? Explicitly the character improvement from youth into youthfulness. The meaning of destitution in this paper will be characterized as condition or lifestyle where people groups fundamental needs arent being met. Those requirements being food and haven. Neediness is operationally characterized across numerous examinations and tests and now and then gathered in an unexpected way. Each examination takes a gander at a particular factor that comes legitimately into play with destitution. Setting up contrasts in the degree of destitution is significant as far as taking note of how much presentation the creating individual has needed to neediness or a need general absence of assets on the grounds that now and again the more drawn out the introduction the a greater amount of an impact it has on somebody. A model would be ruined neighborhoods split into three gatherings where high destitution rates being between 30-40%, moderate neediness with the rates between 20-30% and low destitution rates being 20% (Leventhal Brooks 2011). Now and again, there can be brief times of neediness on the grounds that occasionally people figure out how to escape a ruined region. There is now and then a period where there is a transition between tirelessly being ruined and being as of late devastated (Leventhal Brooks 2011). Experience of destitution can be into terms, for example, persevering neediness and transitional or irregular destitution (Ackerman, Brown Izard 2004). Persevering destitution is identified with lower quality home condition that endures or continues that later is associated with issue practices. Neighborhood neediness is characterized as neighborhood hardship that is brought about by an absence of monetary, social and familial assets (Harden, Copeland-Linder Nation 2011). Two distinct meanings of neediness are recognized: the principal says that destitution and the practices of the poor are clarified by their occupation, financial status and their degree of pay. The second clarifies destitution by talking highlights of people character that can interface with a culture of neediness in the public eye from (Sailing Harvey 1981). All in all, if there is a culture of destitution and inconvenience I'm not catching that's meaning for the adolescent or what's to come? Will the cycle be proc eeded or can they figure out how to receive in return? There have been examines directed on how youth and young people in more unfortunate territories are scholastically influenced by being encircled or experiencing childhood in destitution (Anderson, Leventhal Dupã ©rã © 2014) and about how neighborhood riches and neediness can influence accomplishment and conduct. They needed to discover how destitution influences scholastics and conduct. Does neediness influence scholastics and conduct in negative or positive manners? Does their conduct demonstrate a hazard factor as a part of their character? At the point when it comes down to these kids that go from youth into youthfulness who have terrible relations with the law and unacceptable grades will in general have higher externalized practices that push them into difficulty. Is this really their issues? Are their possibilities met or would they say they are kept down by the condition that they are encircled by? Neediness is something that keeps down many promising people that can possibly do such huge numbers of astounding things. This is a significant subject in light of the fact that what numerous individuals neglect to acknowledge is that people from these ruined zones that are viewed as high hazard are just that in view of what they are encircled by. It is a significant theme to talk on and to raise since it focuses on a minimized gathering of individuals that are for the most part neglected and not caught wind of. Prosperity is tested and continually put under coercion because of the weights and tensions of being devastated. Things being what they are, how does neediness influence character advancement from youth into immaturity? What Poverty impacts The case that I am making is that neediness above all else influences openings inside the networks that it is common and present in. Openings can be characterized as possibilities or a situation that makes it conceivable to accomplish something. Opportunity accompanies levels of instructive accomplishment, work and nature of assets. Levels of accomplishment can expand levels of prosperity in the zone. Assets could be food, water, safe house, garments or a few things that can add to the way of life being higher. They are chances for a person to surpass their own desires and achieve an objective that they beforehand hadnt figured they could accomplish. Contingent upon the region in which an individual is encircled by circumstance can either be given or not be not given. The degree of wealth in an area suggests an openness to specific assets that can improve the personal satisfaction and can make life simpler for families and kids here. Prosperity inside neighborhoods can be separated i nto grown-ups or guardians inside a local that have B.A. degrees and the individuals who were presently utilized in administrative or proficient occupations (Anderson, Leventhal Dupã ©rã © 2014). Access to quality assets is kept up through a reliable pay so when they run low they can recharge them with no issue. They are additionally ready to keep up the assets that they as of now have. Inside keeping up the assets and a specific personal satisfaction alongside encountering the strength that can accompany abundance a feeling of self-esteem is encouraged. Self-esteem can be encouraged through competency in day by day errands or inside the scholarly world. For the individuals who happen to not be in a steady and ample condition scholastic accomplishment can be viewed as the open door that can give nearly a starting establishment or a way to try to move away or out of neediness. One of the primary things that can absolutely help ease the shakiness of destitution is instructive achievement that can prompt such huge numbers of chances for beneficial work. Fortune and neediness associated with members results accomplishment concerning Math and Reading scores luxuriousness of the ar ea connected with higher accomplishment (Anderson, Leventhal Dupã ©rã ©, 2014). In spite of the fact that now and again there can be times of neediness in light of the fact that occasionally a few people figure out how to escape a devastated region (Damian et al., 2014).. After some time family needs expanded so family riches expanded. Be that as it may, neighborhood destitution pointers declined from youth to center adolescence and early pre-adulthood. On the off chance that members in this investigation moved from a devastated zone into a superior one, they would in general move during right on time or center youth, less during puberty (Anderson and Leventhal Dupã ©rã ©, 2014). Prosperity and neediness in this examination corresponded with members results accomplishment and with social issues. Concerning Math and Reading scores luxuriousness of the area connected with higher accomplishment and the disguising/externalizing conduct theorized models had no help too. Youngsters who live in distraught neighborhoods are more probable than those in rich ones to experience an antagonistic character change which can make a disgrace (Hart, Atkins Matsuba, 2008). There is some of the time a period where there is a transition between perseveringly being ruined and being as of late devastated. Along these lines, there are various types of destitution levels in this examination, one that is reliable and industrious while the other is transitional on the grounds that occasionally individuals can escape neediness (Eamon, 2000). Lower-quality situations, stressed relations between the family or mother, and low incitement rapidly sway ongoing povertys impact on disguising practices. Lower quality conditions allude to the condition of the home itself, so in the event that it is spotless, sheltered and uncluttered the earth is of higher caliber. Stressed relations mean the manners in which that the parent cooperates with their kid or other relatives after as of late getting devastated. Incitement comes in with social communications with individuals outside of the family. Late neediness implies that the family had not recently been in destitution yet because of a condition they have fallen into destitution. Along these lines, it is the Persistent destitution that se

Chasing Success

Chasing Success Heads up: Im not sure if any of this makes actual sense. This is really just me trying to work through my t h o u g h t s I vividly remember the day I received my SAT scores. The sky was a canopy of grey and I had woken up feeling this odd sense of emptiness. I walked around that day, seeing four-digit numbers float above my classmates heads. That girl over on the right had a hovering 1200. And the kid in the back, head laid down on desk seemed to have a 1430. Each turn down the school hallway accosted me with a new bundle of numbers. It was overwhelming. We were finally done. Weeks, heck MONTHS of preparation had been thrown into the ring. Did we study hard enough? Buy the right study guides? Take all the practice tests? Sleep enough the night before? Had our parents cheered us on and wished us good luck the morning of? So much seemed to lead up to this four-hour exam. It blew my mind that it could all be left insignificant in face of one final four-digit score. Scores that now floated above my classmates heads. That could be the difference between acceptances and rejections. Between hefty scholarships and student loans. It didnt settle well with me. Fast forward two years, and Im experiencing something similar. SAT scores replaced with all kinds of descriptors. Social capabilities. Career path. Growth. Academic background. Social network. Family relationships. Job titles. Travel experiences. Friendliness. Reputation. The list goes on. For years, Ive subconsciously been trying to come up with a formula for success. Ya know the big ol what makes someone successful? Up until high school and even college really, the answer to the question seemed to be simple. It was easy to identify what was at the top of the ladder. Good GPA. Good test scores. Good extracurriculars. Throw in good relationships, and well you could proudly tell yourself that you were successful. Im not sure if this is a result of simply M A T U R I N G or spending a summer surrounded by adults that are twice my age, but suddenly Im struggling to figure out which ladders to climb, let alone figure out whats waiting at the top of them. The ladders seem infinite, and my path through life not longer feels linear. Suddenly, success seems to mean a lot of things. Becoming a Vice President at a pharma company feels equally successful to raising confident and empowered kids. Ive been racking at my brain to unscramble this loss of direction (or rather abundance of direction) and I think reading Michelle Obamas Becoming helped: “For me, becoming isn’t about arriving somewhere or achieving a certain aim. I see it instead as forward motion, a means of evolving, a way to reach continuously toward a better self. The journey doesn’t end.” As 21st century children going through the school system, the path forward seems to be relatively straightforward: study hard, get good grades, go to a good school, get a good job. With that comes an expectation that at some point one will have indeed reached the end of the pathway. One will have achieved success. And so,   in chasing the end of the pathway, stress levels become high and it becomes increasingly difficult to find satisfaction. For those who do find the so-called end, it suddenly feels like a ceiling has been hit and there isnt anything else left to accomplish. But in reality, success is closely tied to simply becoming and becoming is indeed a process that is ever changing. As I learn to believe in that with all of my heart, Im establishing what success means to me on a day by day basis. Some days finishing off an experiment is being successful, other days spending quality time with my family is. And so, by tweaking what I consider a job well done based on the circumstances of the day, I find comfort in knowing that success is whatever I make of it. And just like that the floating numbers above my classmates disappears. Because success embodies itself differently in different people. Its impossible for a formula to exist. case in point: take aesthetic photos in Yosemite National Park, a success

The New Deal. Samantha Archer. Pols 1101 American...

The New Deal Samantha Archer POLS 1101: American Government January 22, 2017 Dr. Andrea M. Peterson The New Deal In October of 1929 the stock market crashes, marking the beginning of the Great Depression. By 1930 unemployment grows from almost 4 million in January to 7 million in December. During this time President Herbert Hoover appoints the President’s Emergency Committee for Employment to stimulate state and local relief but no funding for relief was provided by the committee. In July of 1932, in the midst of the greatest economic crisis in U.S. history, Franklin D. Roosevelt accepted the Democratic Party’s presidential nomination, promising â€Å"a new deal for the American people.† That promise became a series of relief,†¦show more content†¦During the depression, approximately 50% of senior citizens lived in poverty. Like many Americans appalled at the sight of fellow citizens living their final years in poverty after a lifetime of hard work, FDR believed that a nation as prosperous and advanced as the U.S. should not allow retired citizens to suffer poverty . It protects citizens from poverty during retirement, and provides temporary relief for involuntary unemployed Americans and families seeking new jobs- a program known as Unemployment Insurance. The funds for Social Security are collected from every paycheck-worker and employers split the tax contributions that the government collects. After age 62, citizens receive a monthly pension check back from the government. Another reform program that was started was the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority). Of all of the reform programs proposed by the Roosevelt administration, the TVA was by far the most ambitious. Created in 1933 for the purpose of developing the Tennessee River watershed, this comprehensive federal agency revitalized the region by building 16 dams to control flooding generate hydraulic power, and increase agricultural production. This agency also provided jobs, low-cost housing, reforestation, and many other conservation-related services to the region. Recovery was planned to help the economy bounce back from depression. For example, The National Industrial Recovery Act. The 1933 National Industrial Recovery

Things to Consider Before Moving Off Campus

Caase study Free Essays

The two primary functions of Varian Magna Agricultural Cooperative Society (EVANS) are procurement of agricultural produce from the farmers marketing it to the amandine, and procurement supply of agricultural inputs to the farmers. The objective is to devise a strategy for EVANS for efficient use of funds with respect to procurement and sale. Criteria Benefit of the farmers should be the top priority while planning the strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Caase study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Financial planning must be done carefully in view of the limited supply of funds. Variation of prices of payday as well as fertilizers during different seasons must be used to the advantage of EVANS. Since the society shares a good relationship with the bank, this must be leveraged to suit required credit facilities. Options We assume that EVANS maintains minimal liquid cash to handle administrative expenses and interest. Some of the relevant options are listed below: Option 1: Option 2: Option 3: Evaluation Option 1 Farmers get sufficient funds to plan long term Losing out on higher margins by selling payday at current price Cost benefit on early arches of fertilizers is marginal Initial cash balance Cash paid to farmers Revenue from payday sales +500000 Fertilizers purchase expense Overheads -35000 ODD Extension Option 2 Cost benefit by postponing payday sales is high Insurance for payday -10000 From reserves Option 3 Farmers get their part of their share on time Cost benefit on early purchase of fertilizers can also be leveraged Credit limit extension translates to higher interest Part payment to farmers -250000 -38000 -298000 Interest -15000 Decision The high cost of storage, labor and equipment and the low savings margin make the early purchase of fertilizers an unattractive option. On the other hand, there would be a significant loss with regard to opportunity cost since we are selling payday at the current price of INNER 5000 per ton. Moreover, a marginal extension of Overdraft limit is required to support operations. The higher margin on payday sales can be leveraged by holding the stock in storage for 6 months. The high overheads of storing fertilizers can be avoided. Since we have sufficient reserves, we can support daily operations with minimal funds. The objective of the Co-operative society is to benefit the farmers over the long run. If the members agree to give up part payment towards procuring fertilizers at the discounted price, they can get the coupled benefits of the higher margins on payday and reduced fertilizer costs. Therefore, we recommend option 3. Action Based on the calculations below, accounting for minimum and maximum possible price of payday in 6 months, we can bring about a substantial reduction in cost per bag of fertilizers. Min Max 630000 750000 Profit margin 130000 250000 (-) Interest Net profit from payday sales 210000 Fertilizer cost 475000 38000 Total Cost 513000 (-) Net profit from payday sales Revised Total Cost of Fertilizers 423000 303000 Revised cost per bag of Fertilizers 222. 63 159. 47 Contingency Since our recommended option requires deferring part payment, the farmers do not receive the entire sale revenue right away. This option also requires the bank to allow an extended overdraft limit to EVANS. In the circumstance, that either or both parties are unwilling to accept this proposal, we recommend option 2 as a backup. How to cite Caase study, Papers

Digital Marketing Enterprise Architecture-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Digital Marketing in Enterprise Architechture. Answer: Introduction The business problem that is solved in this paper is the ad fraud in Australia. Ad fraud is scam or a technique in which the advertisers are fooled by the perpetrator in paying money for something that are totally worthless to them. Ad fraud is misleading the citizens with wrong products and services which are published to collect from the users. The fraud rate of Australia is considered as the worst rate in the whole world (Armstrong et al., 2015). The industries in Australia spend more than 7$ billion in speeding up the advertising in the year 2016. As the problem has increased, the way to solve those issues of digital marketing has also increased among the advertisers. This awareness has lead to change in the supply side of the dealers. The knowledge helps the publishers to eliminate the risk and fraudulent inventory potentially. The usual stakeholders of an enterprise are customers, employees and its investors. Stakeholder is a group of people that keeps an interest on the company and can directly alter the business or can directly get affected by the enterprise. Additional stakeholders are also added in an organization. They include government, trade association and community. There are internal as well as external stakeholders. Internal stakeholder includes people those whose interest comes out by keeping a direct relationship with the company which includes investment, ownership or employment (Simula, Tllmen Karjaluoto, 2015). The people who do not work directly with the company but somehow get affected by the outcomes and action of the enterprise is the external stakeholders. Creditors, public group and the suppliers are the external stakeholders. Methods that are advocated Ad Fraud technology- The business method that is taken to solve the ad fraud case is digital marketing. Digital marketing is an imaginative way to get to the customers with less set up ensuring low maintenance costs in media (Bui, Markus Newell, 2015). The operations that are involved in digital marketing are applications that involve capabilities, structures, processes and cost effective technologies. Digital marketing also comprise to measure the interactivity, optimizing digital channels, personalization and targeting (Chaffey, Smith Smith, 2013). The capability of digital marketing helps to increase iterative development, responsiveness, speed, experimentation and agility that a successful company needs to make a place in the market. Digital marketing involves - Understanding the customers Delivering a remarkable experience Nominating a proper marketing technology Carry out proper governance and processes Implementing the best way to achieve success Digital marketing solves ad fraud issues - Ad fraud issues of businesses are solved in the following ways- Digital marketing helps to redirect traffic in the website. Targeting the audience effectively is one of the main issues that are solved by digital marketing. Digital marketing helps in leading the generation gap among people and helps to conduct conversion via social media. Staying updated with the new trends and technology. Business Management Aspect of digital marketing Customers not only connect to call centers, stores or web site. The tendency now includes customer commitment with the integrated business, through many channels by both online and physically. The brand should meet the customer expectation and maintain a loyalty for long lasting relation with the customers irrespective of whichever and whatever the customer chooses. The enterprises are providing more money for assembling and building digital platforms for customer engagement, retention and customer acquisition (Brusaporci, 2015). The complexity and cost of digital application delivery and development are increasing exponentially. Some of the common enterprise architecture issues that can be solved by implementing digital marketing are The way to stop customer from discontinuing their shopping lists Way to increase their social traffic Way to reduce bounce rate Dealing with time issues Receive ROI numbers in campaign of digital marketing Improve click per Email rate Develop in local search Increase the social conversions Decrease the bounce rate Increase the conversion rate, and The way to make a rank in a competitive market Architectural aspects There are three separate views of architecture for Digital Solution (Koeck Warnaby, 2015) Technology and application view Sales and marketing technology Digital project views of an individual Reasons to undertake the change of digital marketing The opportunities that are used to implement digital marketing in business processes are - Creates a verified connection within the customers Creating a strategy of social media marketing Drop in organic reach Satisfy quantity over quality Having a good content Taking the content to a big social audience Encouraging sharing on social media Tracking of data Quality graphics and visuals are created Changes that will occur after implementing digital marketing The evidence of having a digital strategy of marketing is needed for all type of industries. Having a strategy of digital marketing, regardless of scale and size of business is very much important (Armstrong et al., 2015). A strategy of digital marketing is needed to grow a business and survive it for a long run. From the industry report publish, 47% of the business follows digital marketing without a proper strategy (Soja Paliwoda-P?kosz, 2013). This result in multiple beginning campaigns and finish up losing their budgets unessential. Timelines are to be set to fetch the result of the experiments they are trying for a good digital marketing strategy. Digital marketing consistent optimization and campaigns are both needed for accomplishment of great result. For clear Direction The direction of the idea about what is to be done is to be cleared to the business procedure for digital space (Royle Laing, 2014). The full idea should be noted first and also the ways for achieving them. Great number of thoughts comes to the mind while structuring an idea. The manager of digital marketing has to think about the customers, market target, goals, brand and objectives of the business. The process of getting a clear idea is quite devastating but it is important to pen down the idea and the process to resolve them. To Complete the online space Many upcoming businesses fail to recognize the priority of having online presence and the amount of customer they are losing because they are not connected online to the internet (Kim Mauborgne, 2014). Not coming online leads to great lose to the business and they might face a growth of competitor those who have connection to the internet. To study about the competitors is needed and work according to that. A superior understanding is gained while defining a strategy on how a business can be taken further. Business should be done online so that the customers get to know about the product or service online. Implementation of plan and improvising them in a productive manner is to be done. Digital planning should focus on the existing clients and stay loyal to them instead of only focusing to the new clients. To Integerate the marketing strategy Digital marketing does not work best when alone. It works best when they are integrated with activities of offline marketing (Patti, 2017). Online marketing alone cannot help a business alone to flourish. Different channels are tested, tried and identified and associate them with different other proportions are done to integrate digital marketing. The mixing of offline and online marketing is mostly needed to many businesses. It is important that the full marketing strategy is carefully integrated with offline and online activities of marketing. Consistency is to be mentioned among all the channels. The main motive is to have an integrated plan of marketing that distribute and publish all the messages over all the channels of social network, newsletters, advertising campaigns and also including websites. To Optimize, Aanlyse and to accomplish Efficeincy The optimization and analyzation of the strategic plans helps to optimize the campaigns and get closer to the business goals (Fulgoni Lipsman, 2014). A business strategy that is well integrated and well drafted helps to get the operational efficiency without any duplication and using the available resources in a better way (Charlesworth, 2014). Tracking progress and the strategy in response returning and an evolution of the technology is done by optimization. Person responsible to initiate the change Managers of the digital marketing are responsible for initiating necessary changes in a company (Taiminen Karjaluoto, 2015). The work of the digital marketing manger will see the managing team to understand and develop marketing understanding, work with IT resources and translate them into technical particulars (Soja Paliwoda-P?kosz, 2013). Manage the external development agency and driving project preference for web properties. Managers also manage agency that are responsible for deploying and developing consumer email. All inbound request are managed and web site schedule are managed and open issues are resolved. Manage all future product launch website and upgrade those. Work with Consumer Advertising and Brand Advertising Manager to implement campaign extension of online brand. Develop email and web content priorities, develop payoff web and optimization working with Content Manager. Coordinate schedules and publishing efforts, share best prices with web production team. A prim ary medium of vendor responsibility for implementation of email properties and advertising sales are done by managers. Third party features and tools are needed for implementation of evaluation. Serve as communicator with manager of Marketing Research to protect email and web reporting. The role of the manager is to contribute leadership to technical resources, connect with the design resources. Directionless- The business or enterprises that do not have a digital strategy do not have a fair strategic goal about what they want to achieve. They have to attract new customers and build relationship with the customers, and these are all done by online. They have to have a clear direction about is to be done. If goals are focused then the company will put all the efforts and resources to reach its goal. Know the online market share- Without reaching the share market customer demand will not be satisfied. If the marketplace is not understood properly, then the mobility will be different for all the channels with distinct types of customer behavior and profile, propositions and competitors regarding marketing communications. Start up and existing competitors gains market share- If enough resources are not given to digital marketing, then the place of the business may decrease due to increase in competitors of the same product or services. Customers searching online for a product get many different sites offering a same product. Resources should be dedicated to the right amount so that the competitors cannot come nearby in the online market place. A dominant online value proposition- A clear online dominant value proposition is advised to make a difference between the new and existing customer of the company. The online value proposition instructs the business to stay loyal to both new and existing customer of the company. Importance - Digital marketing enables to know the customer well and deliver the similar products or services they are actually looking for. The enterprise has to know their drawbacks and work accordingly to overcome their drawbacks. Integration- It is important for a company to integrate its online and offline strategies. Digital marketing helps to integrated with the strategies. Digital marketing works best when they are integrated with response channel and traditional media. Time and money is wasted through duplication- If there is no sufficient amount of money to invest, than it is wastage of time. Competitor of a company may invest much in digitization which results in the loss of the company. Importance of budget- If budget is not given importance, than digital market may come to an end. Insufficient resource will lead to many competitors in the share market resulting in a loss for the company. Part of the enterprise where changes happens The part of enterprise that are where changes happens due to ad fraud can be accomplished in four different categories - Operational efficiency Process effectiveness Automation efficiency Opportunity creation Operational efficiency- Operational efficiency refers to the quality benefits, market speed and cost reduction (Jeston Nelis, 2014). Enterprise architecture helps to identify and deduct complex and costly processes between contradictory systems, to utilize best practices and improve tech platforms to simplify the training, maintenance and support. Process effectiveness- Process effectiveness is a set of rules to improve the process opportunities and benefits the current generation revenue (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The techniques that are involved in improvement of process involve inquiry of Business Architecture and System Architecture to execute business processes. Using of Enterprise Architecture highlights the processes that are performed, improvement of scenarios and redesign. Opportunity Creation- this refers to the arrangement of mechanism that protects future, steady revenue generation, implementation of strategic initiatives (Katzenbach Smith, 2015). Enterprise architecture is used in promoting the business and adjustment of IT. Automation efficiency- It is a benefit that gives future devaluation of cost by the adjustment of technology planning and enhance the efficiency (Riggins Wamba, 2015). Enterprise architecture is used in the estimate of use of the result of the systems and developed technologies. Changes that occurs due to add fraud in digital enterprise are as follows- Digitization of services and products- Services and products are enhanced with services that are value added and are digitized completely. Value creation that is context sensitive- Though mobile devices are more popular, it enables the demand for customized solution. Consumerization- Safe combination of mobile devices to an architecture that has managed enterprise for both IT and business is a challenging task. Computerization of work- It is easier to work over distance which enables a simple outsourcing of task of business. Computerization of business models- Enterprise needs to think repeatedly their business models and to evolve innovative business by employees competencies and skills. Roadmap of Digital Marketing A roadmap is needed to create a Digital Marketing Plan (Kaufman Horton, 2014). There are main four elements that make s a road map of digital marketing. Web asset- digital assets are needed to make a digital marketing strategy. In web asset the architecture of the website is audited so that the technical issues are corrected and identified (Manzerolle McGuigan, 2014). Persona research and keyword are executed to develop the marketing strategy. Pay per click search engine and the following landing pages are also developed. Content strategy- Content Strategy is a long term process. The content which is same as SEO strategy and which is available on websites experience optimization process. This takes a much longer time. New content serves the cause of delivering an experience of user. Strategy of social channel- The channel of distribution and engagement for content is known as social media (Leeflang et al., 2014). The strategy of social marketing is defined allowing the content strategy and strategy of customer segmentation. Technology Strategy- The roadmap of digital marketing cannot be carried out without tools to measure and execute outcomes and progress. All the tools and technologies are different from each other. There are tools which needs minimum fare such as Google. A business needs a powerful set of software tools for managing marketing strategies. Drawbacks of Digital Marketing Coping of Campaigns that are held in Digital Marketing: The campaign that is used by a company may be easily copied by other companies. Logos and trademarks that are used by some companies can be easily copied by other making a minimal change on the logo. This helps in frauding with the customers. Much confusion arises in Digital Marketing: Internet have lots of confusion in it. The Digital Marketers find many difficulties to get noticed by the customers. Digital Marketing Should be Done Professionally: The companies should take the Digital Marketing seriously because it not done so, then the customers would also not take them seriously. The impression that is created at the first sight is the ultimate impression on the customers. Digital Marketing might not be relevant for the product: The product that is sold by the company might not need digital marketing for the promotion of the products. The products that are used by elderly people might not need Internet for promoting because most of the aged people does not know the use of internet or may be very few in numbers. To invest in such cases is a total waste of time. Much competition is involved in Digital Marketing- Advertisement on Internet faces too much competition in this digital era. Similar kinds of products are found in hundreds of websites. Negative feedback can reflect the reputation of Digital Marketing: There is always a feedback process available from the customers. If the customers is not satisfied by the services or the product, the might leave a negative feedback which may lead to decrease the reputation of the company. Conclusion The advancement of technology is done by the practice and research of digital marketing. The advance technology cherishes various opportunities and poses remarkable challenges for the competitors. Promoting a brand by representing a product in a way that adds validity is done by Marketers with the use of Digital Portfolio. Digital Marketing provides sufficient arrangement for searching the right customer through connectors and search engines. The digital marketing allows the customers to get a wide vision on the brands or products they are searching for and get a brief knowledge about the product. The introduction of digital marketing in business architecture is explicitly mentioned in this paper. This article also gives a bright idea that deals with the different problems related to digital marketing. The most important part of digital marketing is to connect with the customers. Digital marketing is a process of making new clients and as well as keeping a good relationship with the existing customers. This paper also acknowledges how to use digital marketing and the need to use them in todays world of business to give the company an impressive platform. The processes that are followed currently are also described in this paper. Digital marketing of updated form is also described. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Brusaporci, S. (Ed.). (2015).Handbook of Research on Emerging Digital Tools for Architectural Surveying, Modeling, and Representation. IGI Global. Bui, Q., Markus, M. L., Newell, S. (2015, January). Magnitude in innovation change: adaptation and reinvention in Enterprise Architecture implementation. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 19056). Academy of Management. Chaffey, D., Smith, P. R., Smith, P. R. (2013).eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Charlesworth, A. (2014).Digital marketing: A practical approach. Routledge. Fulgoni, G., Lipsman, A. (2014). Numbers, please: Digital game changers: How social media will help usher in the era of mobile and multi-platform campaign-effectiveness measurement.Journal of Advertising Research,54(1), 11-16. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Katzenbach, J. R., Smith, D. K. (2015).The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Harvard Business Review Press. Kaufman, I., Horton, C. (2014).Digital marketing: Integrating strategy and tactics with values, a guidebook for executives, managers, and students. Routledge. Kim, W. C., Mauborgne, R. A. (2014).Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Koeck, R., Warnaby, G. (2015). Digital Chorographies: conceptualising experiential representation and marketing of urban/architectural geographies.arq: Architectural Research Quarterly,19(2), 183-192. Leeflang, P. S., Verhoef, P. C., Dahlstrm, P., Freundt, T. (2014). Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era.European management journal,32(1), 1-12. Manzerolle, V., McGuigan, L. (Eds.). (2014).The audience commodity in a digital age: Revisiting a critical theory of commercial media. Peter Lang Publishing, Incorporated. Patti, C. H., Hartley, S. W., van Dessel, M. M., Baack, D. W. (2017). Improving integrated marketing communications practices: a comparison of objectives and results.Journal of Marketing communications,23(4), 351-370. Riggins, F. J., Wamba, S. F. (2015, January). Research directions on the adoption, usage, and impact of the internet of things through the use of big data analytics. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1531-1540). IEEE. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Simula, H., Tllmen, A., Karjaluoto, H. (2015). Facilitating innovations and value co-creation in industrial B2B firms by combining digital marketing, social media and crowdsourcing. InMarketing Dynamism Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same(pp. 254-263). Springer, Cham. Soja, P., Paliwoda-P?kosz, G. (2013). Comparing benefits from enterprise system adoption in transition and developed economies: An ontology-based approach.Information Systems Management,30(3), 198-217. Taiminen, H. M., Karjaluoto, H. (2015). The usage of digital marketing channels in SMEs.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,22(4), 633-651.

Drug Abuse Essays (536 words) - Drug Culture, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Drug Abuse Drug abuse in the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the user and all those with whom the user comes in contact. There are over 40 million illegal drug users in the world today and America is the biggest market for drugs. There are more drug dealers in this country, than there are dentists. Illegal drug abuse must be stopped; it hurts our society, hurts us, and, most of all, hurts the user. Drug users are parasites, feeding off society's money, taxes and insurance. Every type of insurance goes up because of drug abuse, including auto, health and homeowners. Worst of all, the crime rate will sky rocket if we let this behavior continue. Illegal drugs and their abusers are a plague to society for many different reasons.. Drugs have very harmful effects on the user and the people with whom the user interacts. The user is affected in many ways. The most popular drug in America, alcohol, is generally thought of as socially acceptable and relatively harmless. But it can have devastating effects. Alcohol might seem very harmless but it can harm the user very easily. Alcohol is easy to obtain and consume. It is taken as a beverage and, since it is legal, it can be purchased at the corner store. The immediate effects on the user are relaxation and a slight anesthetic effect. Alcohol is a very addictive drug. There are more than 18 million alcoholics in America2 , an indication of how widespread its harmful effects are. Alcoholics normally drink a lot on mornings and weeknights, at times which separate them for normal "social" drinkers. Often, the alcohol will bring out a violent temper and often, alcoholics abuse, physically and mentally, their friends and family. Drinking makes the drinker feel he is more confident. The drinker thinks he is in control, even if a little high, and he might get behind the wheel of his car and go for a drive. Drunk driving is deadly. Hundreds of thousands of people get killed every year due to drunk driving. Other physical effects of drinking are vomiting, passing out and sometimes, if enough alcohol is consumed over a long enough period of time, or if mixed with other drugs, death. Marijuana is a popular, and illegal, drug. Its largest consumers are young adults. Marijuana is smoked in a pipe or rolled in a cigarette. Thirty-seven percent of people between ages 12-17 have tried marijuana.3 Marijuana gives a slight buzzing feeling of light-headedness. Experimentation with marijuana is dangerous because studies show that 60% of people who smoke marijuana on a regular basis move on to try harder drugs soon after.4 Marijuana tends to diminish the ambition and motivation in the user. In the long run, it may cause lung cancer and other respiratory problems. Cocaine is another popular, illegal, street drug. Cocaine is snorted or smoked as " crack"(a cheaper and, as a result of being so affordable, more addictive way). Cocaine gives the user a sense of well-being and extra energy.

Political Analysis essays

Political Analysis essays It would seem obvious to most that large tobacco growing states like South Carolina would be the main voters against stricter legislation. In actuality large tobacco companies like Philip Morris are some of the largest donators to the politicians in the non tobacco states. As said in this article, "As long as Washington lawmakers are hooked on donations from Big Tobacco, the industry has enough friends to ward off strong federal oversight." This statement is very true. For years now many bills and acts have been presented to congress such as the Healthy Kids' Act which would allow the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco, create a major anti-smoking ad campaign, provide no immunity for lawsuits against tobacco firms, and curb youth smoking. These bills typically get voted against by politicians that have taken or need the donations and support of the tobacco industry. For example, Rep. Vic Fazio, D-Calif., who received $62,500 since 1991 the ninth highest amount in c ontributions from tobacco companies among House members and the highest among lawmakers from states that don't grow tobacco voted against the Healthy Kid's Act aswell as two tobacco bills introduced last year, one to increase Food and Drug Administration funding and another to prohibit government funds from being used to pay for tobacco crop insurance. The consumer advocacy group Public Citizen conducted a survey in 1999 that found that members who voted in favor of tobacco legislation received considerably more money than those who didn't. Senators voting in favor of tobacco industry positions received as much as 15 times more money from tobacco company contributions in 1997 than their counterparts who didn't. House members received nine times more money. What politicians might be avoiding passing in Washington, local governments are passing in their small and large counties. One thousand five hundred and fifteen counties in the nation have banned smo...

Comparison of two nursing education systems Assignment - 1

Comparison of two nursing education systems - Assignment Example Notably, there has been increased enrolment into degree nursing education as compared to diploma enrolment because of numerous reasons. Under degree baccalaureate degree in nursing, experts identify it as a unique and holistic education program that allows practical and theoretical application of nursing. Firstly, it encompasses all course work taught at diploma level, in-depth treatment of physical and social sciences and nursing services management. It is, therefore, more superior in terms of coverage and relevance to modern nursing (Mayne et al., 2013 pp 15). Secondly, the degree program encompasses humanity courses that allow students to have a wider knowledge beyond medical diseases and patients. Unlike, degree program diploma system has narrow scope that restrict curriculum to fundamental medical cases and patient management. Lack of additional courses at diploma curriculum inhibit professional development, and graduates lack broader scope of practice (Mayne et al., 2013 pp 15). The Joint Statement on Academics Progression for Nursing Students and Graduates (JSAPNSG), American Association of Colleges, American Association of Community Colleges, they together agreed that degree nursing was more diverse and equipped. The had students shown knowledge on sociological view of patient care. Diploma curriculum centers hospital as a key health institution with little focus on the role of preventive medicine. On contrary, degree program has been anchored on environmental and sociological view of health. It envisions healthy community through medical research and preventive medicine unlike diploma program whose research scope is insignificant (Cabaniss 2014 pp 182). Leonardo (2012 pp 258) states that during May 2010, Tri-Council of Nursing identified nursing degree as a rightful direction that would foster patient safety and quality nursing care that is scientific. It asked diploma nurses to advance their studies in order to

Bicyclists who dont follow rules in nyc Term Paper

Bicyclists who dont follow rules in nyc - Term Paper Example Utility cycling is seen commonly in New York while it is also used for regular commuting and recreation by many. To support and encourage the use of cycles, there were numerous bike ways or bike lanes created. There has been an increase in the number of bike lanes in New York City. This increase in bike lanes has attracted mixed reactions for different elements of the society. Many have criticised this and cycling in general for the reason that cyclists do not follow the rules. This paper is aimed at finding out what the media is writing about bicyclists who do not follow traffic rules in New York City. There has been a lot written in the media about bicyclists not following traffic rules. The criticism of bicyclists is not just limited to breaking of traffic rules but also has attracted religious criticism. Various quarters of the society have reacted differently to the issue and each has a different opinion. But the popular view in the media is that the cyclists have to be blamed. The opinion of the public that has dominated the media is that cyclists are hated. There are various instances and reasons that are pinpointed to show that cyclists do not follow rules and as a result have caused troubled to the commuters and motorists in the city. An article in Gothamist has published the views of the people who hate the cyclists (OGrady, 2011). Following are the various reasons that people give which go on to prove that cyclists are in fact not following the rules. Some are of the view that cyclists over speed on the bicycles. The speed of the cyclists is such that bystanders compare them to the cyclists in Tour De France. With their gear and helmets, cyclists try to imitate those in the race and try to hit high speeds. This threatens the safety of others on the road. Cyclists must be bound by the law to drive under

Concepts Of Performance Management In Human Resources

Concepts Of Performance Management In Human Resources Abstract Performance management is becoming increasingly important in the department of Human Resources in recent years. It refers to a systematic instrument for improving the development of individuals, teams and organizations. With the wide acceptance of performance management to the organizations, how can it be understood, accepted and implemented by managers and employees effectively in practice? The paper makes a study on the performance management from the perspective of Human Resources, analyses the definitions and process of performance management and discusses the positive and negative effects of performance management. Overall, it will be argued that the positive effects of performance management outweigh its negative effects, but it is also necessary to pay attention to its disadvantages, such as judgement errors caused by distortion of performance information. Performance Management in HR à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚  . Introduction The concept of performance has been around for more than a hundred years, experiencing some remarkable changes in the process of performance developments and subsequently integrating into the Human Resources Management system. Performance management, as one of the most important parts in these development procedures, has attracted intensifying attention in many organizations. In addition, economical globalization, speedy development of technology and high capitalizations are conspicuous trends in this fast-paced society, people have to promote their performance and become more flexible to satisfy the needs of this fast-changing and competitive society. Hence, how to select employees, who are regarded as an organizations greatest assets, plays a dominant role in avoiding companies to fall behind their competitors. Simultaneously how to keep the talent and how to encourage them to give their maximum ability to improve the competitiveness of company are crucial issues to managers. Effic ient use of performance management can help the company to solve such problems. In this essay, a clear definition of performance and performance management will be given firstly by the analysis of different interpretations put forward by many scholars. Then from four steps, including planning, implementation, appraisal and feedback, it will introduce performance management process. Finally, this essay will attempt to demonstrate that the positive effects of performance management are more significant than the negative. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¡. Defining the concepts A. What is performance? Performance management is obviously to do with performance, and what is meant by that word? There are two dissimilar views on the definition of performance. One is the outputs and outcomes of activities, Bernadin et al (1995, cited in Armstrong 2000: 3) states that performance should be defined as outcomes of work because they provide the strongest linkage to the strategic goals of the organization, customer satisfaction, and economic contributions. An alternative view contends that performance is behaviour, including working proficiency, literacy and efforts. Campell (1900, cited in Armstrong 2000: 3) believes that performance is behaviour and should be distinguished from outcomes because they can be contaminated by systems factors. Actually, in the practice of performance management in HR, managers usually intend to use a more comprehensive view of performance, which includes outputs and behaviour, because they have a mutual relationship of complementation, the behaviour is deemed to be one of the indispensable conditions to reach outcomes or outputs of performance. This view is concluded by Brumbrach (1988, cited in Armstrong 2000: 3) that performance is composed of behaviour and outcomes or outputs. Performer tries his or her best to turn abstract plans or behaviour into some concrete outcomes. In other words, behaviour is an instrument for gaining results. To summarize, an overall definition of performance should consist of behaviour and results, and these two elements need to be taken into account when measuring the performance of individuals and teams. B. Performance management Performance management is an essential part in HRM, which has become increasingly popular since the 1980s. Dransfield (2000: 69) states that performance management is a process which is designed to improve organizational, team and individual performance and which is owned and driven by line managers. According to Dransfields (2000) definition, currently, there are three different viewpoints on the definition of performance management. The first one is to be understood as organizational performance. It means that the implementation of organization strategies should emphasize on the adjustment of organizational structure, business process, technology and targets. The second viewpoint is that performance management is a means of getting better results from teams. Performance management applies to everyone in the business team, not just managers, but also employees. As stated by Armstrong (2000:5), It rejects the cultural assumption that only managers are responsible for the performance of their teams and replaces it with the belief that responsibility is shared between managers and team members. The third one claims that the core of performance management is developing individuals potential, and after that improving organizational performance through aligning individual and organiza tional targets. This essay is in favour of the third opinion, mainly because the inconsistent or missing information of target content is inevitable during the top-down transmission from organizational targets to individual targets. In order to make sure the staffs activities and outputs are congruent with organizational targets, it is widely believed that performance management should be focused on guiding and helping staffs to fulfil their tasks in the light of organizational target and requirement. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¢. The process of performance management In order to ensure the targets can be accomplished effectively and punctually, managers should follow a performance management process in an orderly way. An all-around definition is provided to reflect the performance management process, as a management cycle under which program performance objectives and targets are determined, managers have flexibility to achieve them, actual performance is measured , and this information feeds into decisions about programme funding, design, operations and rewards or penalties'(Curristine, 2005: 131). This section will introduce the standard Deming cycle applied in the performance management context and the Deming cycle refers to PDCA where P for plan ,D for do, C for check and A for action. During plan phase the goals and information are decided for employee or team. The do phase is for the implementation of plan and in check phase, supervisors will review and appraise the performance, then confirm the performance and gives feedback in the stage o f action(Evans Lindsay, 2008). A. Performance planning Performance planning is the starting point of performance management process, including three basic aspects-setting the direction, concluding performance agreements and agreeing personal development plans(Armstrong 2000:17-18). In other words, performance planning is deemed to be an activity of deciding what to do and how to do it. Compared to the other types of planning in traditional process and management activities, performance planning has the following characteristics: (1). The process of performance planning is a bidirectional communication between managers and employees. (2). All members, including managers and employees should be responsible for drawing up plans together. B. performance implementation Performance implementation is one of the most fundamental parts throughout the performance management. Undoubtedly, without this basic guarantee of performance implementation, plans cannot be put into practice. In essence, performance implementation is a process of delivering organizational targets or plans from managers to employees, and then people have flexibility to achieve them. C. Performance appraisal Performance appraisal is the focal part of performance management in which managers give assessment to individuals work and achievements in relation to the organizational targets. A useful definition of performance appraisal is set out by the Adivory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) which states that: appraisals regularly record an assessment of an employees performance, potential and development needs. The appraisal is an opportunity to take an overall view of work content, loads and volume, to look back on what has been achieved during the reporting period and agree objectives for the next'(cited in Dransfield, 2000: 71). Generally speaking, the main task of performance appraisal is to identify what the employee is to do and has it been done well. Hence, it is necessary to establish a standard for performance appraisal. If an employees behaviour can be in accordance with the following criteria, it is deemed that this is an effective performance: 1. Strategic Congruence, 2. Validity, 3. Reliability, 4. Acceptability, 5. Specificity (Baker, 1988). D. Performance feedback After being checked, individuals need to know whether their performance is good or not. So managers should provide feedback which needs to be concerned with actual performance and careful measurement. The good feedback is not simply warning employees what they have done wrong or successful, but also guiding a way for individuals future development and improvement. This feedback information is also the evidence that human resources strategy and feedback improve leadership capability and consequently affect organizational performance (Mabey Martin, 2001). In the practise of feedback, there are a number of methods to give feedbacks; one of the most famous systems is 360-degree feedback, which refers to a process in which employees receive confidential, anonymous feedback from the people who work around them, including managers, peers, subordinates and customers (Tyson Ward, 2004). To sum up, performance feedback can be collected from abundant information channels, ranging from superio rs to subordinates, colleagues to customers, and thereafter this feedback information will flow into decision about strategic adjustment, modification, rethinking operation and rewards or penalties. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ £. Performance management influences the development of HRM With the wide dissemination of performance concept, performance management has attracted intensifying attention in many organizations. Managers have placed a premium on the employees performance in their work. So the adoption of performance management not only can improve organizational performance, but also can be personally fulfilling and skill-enhancing. However, there are still some potential problems existing in performance management, which seems to undermine the organizational and individual development. This section will attempt to demonstrate that the functional effects of performance management are more significant than the dysfunctional. A comprehensive definition is provided to point out the functional effects, as In general term, we define a phenomenon as being functional if its consequences contribute positively to a larger structure (Van Dooren, 2010: 152). Performance management thus would have functional effects when it contributes to the whole target of organization. Firstly, performance management can stimulate learning and innovation among employees and inside the organization. In terms of employees, performance management provides a motivation for encouraging employees to improve their own skills, especially those who perform poorly; they are guided to meditate deeply on their working practice, the defects in particular, which is the pivotal to the improvement of their performance. So only keep learning, can employees ensure that they can hold the job position and follow the best career path for themselves. In terms of the whole organization, performance management may trigger changes and innovation. Accord ing to De Brujin (2004), it is obvious that the yearly growth in the number of employees is steady in a company, this means that the organization accumulate slack resources who do not make any contribution to organization. The managers in department of HR can therefore adjust and improve the standard of choosing and employing persons, and cut off the overstaffed offices. Moreover, performance management can create transparency in the organization. Managers or supervisors, who are used to having a lot of priority, may commit mistakes, such as judgement errors and bias. Performance management can make their performance more visible inside or outside the organizations. It is an effective way to supervise and keep managers from giving others unfair treatment. Despite the functional effects that performance management has, it is impossible to deny its dysfunctional effects, which can undermine the goals of the individuals and organizations. Deming (cited in Evans Lindsay, 2008) holds the view that performance management nourishes short-term performance at the cost of the long-term planning. In order to realize the short-term interests and personal achievement, employees may make a flimsy promises to their customers and overdraw organizational resources, at last, the development of the whole organization will be blocked. What is more, the negative effects of performance management can be often caused by distortion of performance information and outputs. In conclusion, despite the existence of drawbacks, the positive effects of performance management are more significant than the negative. Performance management is thus an evolutionary process in which individuals can obtain many opportunities for career development, such as receiving training and guiding, improving the development of capabilities, even attainment of full potential. Simultaneously, organizations can get generous profits in return from their professional performance management. It is likely that performance management will have a bright future in the department of HR. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¤. Conclusion As mentioned above, this essay has discussed definitions, process and effects of performance management. It has emerged that the functional effects of performance management are more significant, despite the existence of dysfunctional effects as well. According to Hatry (2008, cited in Van Dooren 2010), performance management may not have a bright future, because some challenges remain to a certain degree and its problems are so thorny that can hinder the development of organizations. Nevertheless, now there are increasingly managers using performance management, as stated by Van Dooren (2010:175), practitioners, management consultants as well as academics have sought solutions in response to the paradoxical and often problematic nature of performance management. Accordingly, the foreground of performance management is still optimistic. An efficient way to solve these problems is to improve the quality of performance information, which can guarantee the reliability and equality of pe rformance appraisal and feedback. From the aspect of employees, adequate training and skills development should be applied in the performance management. In a word, performance management is an indispensable part in the department of HR and it is to be hoped that improvements and adjustments should be taken to deal with challenges and ensure to gain the greatest returns on professional performance management.

Investigating the concentration of the solutions inside the vacuole of a potato cell. :: essays research papers

Osmosis Investigation We are trying to find out what the concentration of the solutions is inside the vacuole of a potato cell. We will investigate how the mass of the potato chips change in different sucrose solution concentrations. We will use osmosis to do this. I will be measuring and controlling many different variables, these include; - The dependent Variable – Weight of potato chip Independent Variable – Concentration of sucrose Control Variables consist of; - 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temperature 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surface area of potato 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Volume of sucrose solution 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Same time for each potato chip submerged in solution 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potato chips all from same potato The effects on the dependent variables all differ; here is how the main variables in my experiment work out. Variable  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Effect on Dependent Variable Surface area of potato chip  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The greater the surface area the more water it will be able to absorb Same chip from the same potato  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The genetic make-up will be the same and therefore the partly permemble membrane will be similar Time left in the solution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The longer spent in solution the more that is absorbed Coating on the potato chips  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If not rinsed off and dried after a certain period of time the chips will form a coat of sugar thus decreasing surface area Quantitative prediction I predict that the effect of changing the sucrose concentration will be that as the concentration of the sucrose solution increases, first of all the mass of the chip will increase, and then the change in mass will gradually decrease until mass is lost and this mass loss will gradually increase in amount. Because when the sucrose concentration is low, the concentration of water outside the cells of the potato chips will be greater than that inside, and therefore water will osmosis into the cells of the chip which will gain mass. As the concentration of sucrose increases the concentration of water outside the call will eventually become less than inside the cells of the chip and mass will be lost.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dependent   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Variable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inside the cells Outside the cells Dilute solution  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Concentrated solution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Higher water concentration Low water concentration Key: = Sucrose particle = water molecule = osmosis = partially permeable membrane In the higher sucrose concentration solution, the net movement of water (osmosis) is to the outside of the cell, and the chip will lose mass, the cells will become plasmolysed. The chip in a low concentration of sucrose solution, is the opposite of the diagram above, in that the water osmoses into the cells of the chip, mass it gained, through osmosis of water into the plant cells, the cells will become turgid.

Andok’s Lechon Manok Essay

Andok’s Lechon Manok is one of the longest and most popular roast chicken in our country. This company was started by the so called father of â€Å"Litson Manok,† Leonardo â€Å"Sandy† Javier Jr. twenty years ago. He said that he encountered numerous disappointments and struggles in sustaining their business especially when they have a lot of competitors like Baliwag but he did not give up. He made his business his passion and was very determined to be successful. When he was still starting, he did not have the capital to start a business. He was forced to borrow twelve chickens from his mother’s friend. Unfortunately, he only sold two chickens. His struggles in life inspired him to strive harder and to be a better entrepreneur. He experimented with the different ingredients to capture what we know today as the trademark Andok’s taste. Before, he started with twelve chickens until it boosted its daily inventory to eighty chickens. His business started evolving because he said that he loves what he is doing and he believes so much in his business. Up to date, Javier continues to grow Andok’s with its menu expanding to include liempo, pork chop, sinigang, etc. Andok’s also opened its doors to franchising. Because of their efficient and systematic franchise support, an â€Å"AA† standard for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) has been obtained by their Metro Manila commissary and nominated â€Å"AAA† standard GMP for Iloilo commissary. For the consumer’s better access, Andok’s were strategically located in places where it is visible and accessible from major thoroughfares; passenger terminals of public utility vehicles; community centers or malls; near markets; commercial/ business district; and areas with high foot and vehicle traffic. To maintain the quality of the food being served, all stocks and ingredients will be supplied from the Andok’s production facility pre-portioned, marinated and ready-to-cook. Take-out franchise stores will be equipped with the standard rotisserie machine with hood and stainless steel chimney, stove, siopao steamer, cooking table, Dokito fryer, chiller boxes, freezers and other equipment. Here is the list of awards garnered by Andok’s through the years of service: 1999â€Å"GAWAD NEGOSYANTENG PINOY† Most Outstanding Food Retailer Operator given by NEGO-PILIPINO FOUNDATION, INC.and MORNINGS @ GMA 7 2002 DANGAL NG PILIPINAS BEST SELLING LITSON MANOK â€Å"CONSUMER’S CHOICE ANNUAL  AWARDS† Given by Organization For Peace and Progress Oriented Group, Inc. 2005PRODUCT & SERVICE EXCELLENCE AWARDEE â€Å"BEST FAMILY-ORIENTED LITSON MANOK BRAND† PARANGAL SA PAMILYANG PILIPINO In conclusion, Andok’s has been operating effectively for over 25 years. Although a roasted chicken business meets a number of rivals in the market, Andok’s has made its stand to be one of the most successful brand of litson manok in the country. Despite having a lot of competitors, they try to innovate their products, add different products, and at the same time expand their company. They were able to overcome the struggles that they faced and be successful in their business.

Essay on Themes, Symbolism, and Atmosphere in Dickens...

When Charles Dickens was writing his commentary on a fast industrializing world, the thought that Hard Times would still be relevant over 150 years later is assumed to be far from the forefront of his mind. And yet at present, 158 years after its first publication, Charles Dickens’ tale of industrialization and its implications still holds a prominent place in today’s society. The following is one interpretation of Dickens’ story of an industrialized dystopia, and discussed are its ever-relevant theme, the symbols and motifs which reinforce it, and the effective atmosphere which it creates. Throughout the novel there are two very prominent themes: the notion that industrialization has a mechanizing effect on human beings and the†¦show more content†¦However, Dickens, through both the plot and his narrator, does his best to bias the argument, providing the reader with sound arguments against the accumulation of facts and the mechanization of humanity. â⠂¬Å"It is known, to the force of a single pound weight, what the engine will do, but not all the calculators of the National debt can tell me the capacity for good or evil, for love or hatred, for patriotism or discontent, for the decomposition of virtue into vice, or the reverse, at any single moment in the soul of one of these quiet servants, with the composed faces and the regulated actions.† (Dickens 78-79). Not only is this a welcome insight into the moral compass of the narrator, but so too is it a statement which shows where it is that fact has no frame of reference. Dickens is pointing out that fact can never reveal the reasons behind the aspects of human nature that separates man from machine, humanity from industry. This can even be seen as foreshadowing as Dickens later details a transformation in Mr. Gradgrind that facts could never endeavor to explain. It could be said that Mr. Gradgrind’s change of stance is the most symbolic of the battle, since, from the beginning of the novel, he seems to represent all that is logical, practical, and utilitarian. In the final book, we see Mr. Gradgrind’s change of heart in practice as he helps his son to escape to America so that he may avoid punishment for his robbing Bounderby’s bank. Dickens mostShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens was one of the Brightest and Most Influential Writers of His Time1325 Words   |  5 Pages The British writer Charles Dickens was one of the brightest and most influential people of his time. 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